Map of the Kingdom's Warfare.

Summary

Kang Qiaoli, familiar with Loufan Pass, advised Chuluo Khan to seize it due to its favorable terrain for attacking from the north. Despite the Sui army's reinforcements and improved defenses, including raised and thickened walls, Kang Qiaoli planned a probing attack to assess their strength. He commanded General Luo Le to lead an assault with strict orders against retreating. The Turkic army, organized into cavalry and infantry, charged Loufan Pass but faced heavy losses from the Sui army's effective crossbow defenses. After suffering over two thousand casualties, Luo Le expressed frustration over inadequate shields against crossbow bolts. Kang Qiaoli decided to halt the attack and set up camp, where he met Gao Kai Dao, a former bandit leader now allied with the Turks, seeking his advice on countering the Sui army's crossbow capabilities.

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